Comprehensive engineering comparison of 48V vs 24V AGV drive wheels for industrial automation and warehouse robotics. Evaluates motor copper losses (I²R), battery pack discharge rates, cable gauge sizing, thermal dissipation, duty cycle limitations, and lifecycle total cost of ownership (TCO). Explains how 48V DC bus architectures reduce current draw by 50%, enabling continuous 24/7 autonomous mobile robot (AMR) throughput in high-payload logistics facilities.